Batteries alone cannot decarbonise heavy or long-distance transport. The weight and size of the batteries compromise payload-carrying capabilities for vehicles. The long charging times required for batteries compromise the operational efficiency of vehicles. The real world usable range for battery-powered vehicles is around half the distance than that for hydrogen vehicles.
Hydrogen offers significant weight savings over batteries, and refuelling times and real world usable ranges are comparable with diesel vehicles, making it attractive to fleet operators of larger and heavier vehicles.
As a result, hydrogen vehicles have already been deployed by European and US OEMs. Furthermore, all the major commercial vehicle manufacturers (DAF, MAN, Scania, Volvo, Mercedes, Iveco, Renault, Hyundai, Toyota and Stellantis (owner of Citroen, Peugeot, Vauxhall brands, amongst others) are all planning to introduce new models for both Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Vehicles (H2-ICE) from 2025.
Rolling out fuel-cell infrastructure often requires less investment for station operators than EV stations and can be significantly quicker than EV charging installations for commercial applications.
In the future, there will be a mixture of battery-electric commercial vehicles used for shorter routes or carrying lighter payloads, and hydrogen-powered vehicles for the longer routes and for heavier payloads.